MS MSQL
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In MS SQL, converting DateTime to String is using FORMAT function. To convert from String to DateTime, we can use either CONVERT or PARSE.
Unfortunately, we can’t really use custom format to parse a string.To make things easy to remember, I simplified it to two ways:
- The German way.
- Culture code: de-DE
- Culture mode (with millenia): 104
- Culture mode (without millenia): 4
- DateTime format: dd-MM-yyyy (date before month)
- The US way.
- Culture code: en-US
- Culture mode: 101
- Culture mode (without millenia): 1
- DateTime format: MM-dd-yyyy (month before date)
select FORMAT(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,'dd-MMM-yyyy'); --Output: 21-Mar-2015 -- The US Way, with millenia select convert(datetime, '03-06-2012 10:11', 101); --Output: 2012-03-06 10:11:00.000 -- The US Way, without millenia select convert(datetime, '03-06-12 10:11', 1); --Output: 2012-03-06 10:11:00.000 -- The German way select PARSE('03.06.2012 19:00' as datetime using 'de-DE'); select PARSE('03/06/2012 19:00' as datetime using 'de-DE'); select PARSE('03-06-2012 19:00' as datetime using 'de-DE'); -- All three has the same output: 2012-06-03 19:00:00.000
Other symbols that can be used in formatting a datetime are shown below (prettified, original source can be find HERE):
Format specifier | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|
d | The day of the month, from 1 through 31. | 2009-06-01T13:45:30 -> 1 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 15 |
dd | The day of the month, from 01 through 31. | 2009-06-01T13:45:30 -> 01 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 15 |
ddd | The abbreviated name of the day of the week. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> Mon (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> ?? (ru-RU) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> lun. (fr-FR) |
dddd | The full name of the day of the week. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> Monday (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> ??????????? (ru-RU) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> lundi (fr-FR) |
f | The tenths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6170000 -> 6 2009-06-15T13:45:30.05 -> 0 |
ff | The hundredths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6170000 -> 61 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0500000 -> 00 |
fff | The milliseconds in a date and time value. | 6/15/2009 13:45:30.617 -> 617 6/15/2009 13:45:30.0005 -> 000 |
ffff | The ten thousandths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6175000 -> 6175 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000500 -> 0000 |
fffff | The hundred thousandths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6175400 -> 61754 6/15/2009 13:45:30.000005 -> 00000 |
ffffff | The millionths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6175420 -> 617542 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000005 -> 000000 |
fffffff | The ten millionths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6175425 -> 6175425 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0001150 -> 0001150 |
F | If non-zero, the tenths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6170000 -> 6 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0500000 -> (no output) |
FF | If non-zero, the hundredths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6170000 -> 61 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0050000 -> (no output) |
FFF | If non-zero, the milliseconds in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6170000 -> 617 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0005000 -> (no output) |
FFFF | If non-zero, the ten thousandths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.5275000 -> 5275 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000500 -> (no output) |
FFFFF | If non-zero, the hundred thousandths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6175400 -> 61754 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000050 -> (no output) |
FFFFFF | If non-zero, the millionths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6175420 -> 617542 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000005 -> (no output) |
FFFFFFF | If non-zero, the ten millionths of a second in a date and time value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6175425 -> 6175425 2009-06-15T13:45:30.0001150 -> 000115 |
g gg | The period or era. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30.6170000 -> A.D. |
h | The hour, using a 12-hour clock from 1 to 12. | 2009-06-15T01:45:30 -> 1 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 1 |
hh | The hour, using a 12-hour clock from 01 to 12. | 2009-06-15T01:45:30 -> 01 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 01 |
H | The hour, using a 24-hour clock from 0 to 23. | 2009-06-15T01:45:30 -> 1 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 13 |
HH | The hour, using a 24-hour clock from 00 to 23. | 2009-06-15T01:45:30 -> 01 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 13 |
K | Time zone information. | With DateTime values: 2009-06-15T13:45:30, Kind Unspecified -> 2009-06-15T13:45:30, Kind Utc -> Z 2009-06-15T13:45:30, Kind Local -> -07:00 (depends on local computer settings) With DateTimeOffset values: 2009-06-15T01:45:30-07:00 –> -07:00 2009-06-15T08:45:30+00:00 –> +00:00 |
m | The minute, from 0 through 59. | 2009-06-15T01:09:30 -> 9 2009-06-15T13:29:30 -> 29 |
mm | The minute, from 00 through 59. | 2009-06-15T01:09:30 -> 09 2009-06-15T01:45:30 -> 45 |
M | The month, from 1 through 12. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 6 |
MM | The month, from 01 through 12. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 06 |
MMM | The abbreviated name of the month. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> Jun (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> juin (fr-FR) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> Jun (zu-ZA) |
MMMM | The full name of the month. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> June (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> juni (da-DK) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> uJuni (zu-ZA) |
s | The second, from 0 through 59. | 2009-06-15T13:45:09 -> 9 |
ss | The second, from 00 through 59. | 2009-06-15T13:45:09 -> 09 |
t | The first character of the AM/PM designator. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> P (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> ? (ja-JP) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> (fr-FR) |
tt | The AM/PM designator. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> PM (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> ?? (ja-JP) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> (fr-FR) |
y | The year, from 0 to 99. | 0001-01-01T00:00:00 -> 1 0900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 0 1900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 0 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 9 2019-06-15T13:45:30 -> 19 |
yy | The year, from 00 to 99. | 0001-01-01T00:00:00 -> 01 0900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 00 1900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 00 2019-06-15T13:45:30 -> 19 |
yyy | The year, with a minimum of three digits. | 0001-01-01T00:00:00 -> 001 0900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 900 1900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 1900 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 2009 |
yyyy | The year as a four-digit number. | 0001-01-01T00:00:00 -> 0001 0900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 0900 1900-01-01T00:00:00 -> 1900 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 2009 |
yyyyy | The year as a five-digit number. | 0001-01-01T00:00:00 -> 00001 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> 02009 |
z | Hours offset from UTC, with no leading zeros. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30-07:00 -> -7 |
zz | Hours offset from UTC, with a leading zero for a single-digit value. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30-07:00 -> -07 |
zzz | Hours and minutes offset from UTC. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30-07:00 -> -07:00 |
: | The time separator. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> : (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> . (it-IT) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> : (ja-JP) |
/ | The date separator. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> / (en-US) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> – (ar-DZ) 2009-06-15T13:45:30 -> . (tr-TR) |
“string” ‘string’ | Literal string delimiter. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 (“arr:” h:m t) -> arr: 1:45 P 2009-06-15T13:45:30 (‘arr:’ h:m t) -> arr: 1:45 P |
% | Defines the following character as a custom format specifier. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 (%h) -> 1 |
\ | The escape character. | 2009-06-15T13:45:30 (h \h) -> 1 h |
Any other character | The character is copied to the result string unchanged. | 2009-06-15T01:45:30 (arr hh:mm t) -> arr 01:45 A |
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