Few days ago, a colleague of mine asked me what kind of session that is being used in my team’s application. Apparently his team has some sort of problem in handling the session. He asked whether my team use InProc, or OutProc. His question sent me scrambling for answer 🙂 After googling for a while, here’s what I found:

• InProc SessionState: The session will be stored in the memory of ASP.NET server.
• OutProc SessionState: The session will be serialized and stored in other machine (StateServer machine or SQLServer machine).

To decide which SessionState that is most suitable for your environment, please consider the following points:

1. Performance:
   • InProc: fastest, but consume more memory
   • OutProc (StateServer): slower than InProc, due to transport overhead and serialization cost
   • OutProc (SQLServer): slower than OutProc (StateServer), due to transport overhead and serialization cost
2. Robustness:
   • InProc: session data will be lost when the IIS process restarted/stopped.
   • OutProc (StateServer): session data will NOT be lost when the IIS process restarted/stopped. But the StateServer machine will become the single point of failure. All sessions in any ASP.NET server linked to this State server will be lost if you restart/stop the StateServer process.
   • OutProc (SQLServer): almost the same as OutProc (StateServer), but you will not losing the sessions after you restart the SQL Server

To configure session state, add the following code within web.config’s <system.web>

Please note that serialization will cost you least when you store the “Basic DataTypes”. They are:

1. Any numeric data types (Int32, Byte, Int64, etc)
2. String
3. DateTime
4. TimeSpan
5. GUID
6. IntPtr and UIntPtr

If your ASP.NET application will be deployed in a web farm, consider using either StateServer or SQLServer to store your sessions. You can choose to use the commercial or the open-source solution. 🙂 Unfortunately, I was unable to find any decent performance review of NCache without the marketing vibe 🙁 But maybe in the future I might write something based on this blog post

References

• ASP.NET Session State FAQ
• HOW TO: Set Up Multi-Server ASP.NET Web Applications and Web Services
• How to use ASP.NET session state SQL Server Mode in a failover cluster
• SessionState on MSDN Library

I was reading Alik Levin’s Blog which linked to an interesting article about increasing the performance of .NET application. The interesting questions are:

• How to cache data?
• How to handle communications?
• How to handle concurrency?
• How to handle components’ coupling/cohesion?
• How to perform data access?
• What algorithms to use?
• How to handle exceptions?
• How to handle resource management?
• How to handle state management?

*read the article HERE

I strongly agree that every developer in any development Team should remember these questions (and know how to answer it, of course :D) by heart. And able take them as a consideration. My favorite donkey-bridge to these question is A-4C-D-E-R-S (Algorithm, Cache, Communication, Concurrency, Coupling, Data Access, Exceptions, Resource and State Management)

Even better if not best, if you could implement the answers to above questions as a standard framework for your development team. 😉

I had this interesting challenge from my colleague. He asked me to draw diamond recursively (not really draw, but plot using command line program :D). I managed to draw the 3×3 diamond, but I didn’t satisfied with my program. So I put more thought on it, and make it more interesting by allow us to define the width and the height of the diamond.

namespace ConsolePrograms
{
    class DrawDiamond
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {            
            Console.WriteLine("1 Diamond, Width=7, Height=5");
            SetupDiamond(1, 7, 5);
            Console.WriteLine("4 Diamond, Width=3, Height=5");
            SetupDiamond(4, 3, 5);
            Console.WriteLine("9 Diamond, Width=3, Height=3");
            SetupDiamond(9, 3, 3);
            Console.WriteLine("16 Diamond, Width=7, Height=7");
            SetupDiamond(16, 7, 7);
        }

        static void SetupDiamond(int NumberOfDiamonds, int Width, int Height)
        {
            //NumberOfDiamonds must be a Perfect Square
            if (((int)Math.Pow(Math.Sqrt(NumberOfDiamonds),2.0)) != NumberOfDiamonds)
                return;

            //Width and Height must be an odd number bigger than 1
            if (Width % 2 != 1 || Height % 2 != 1)
                return;

            int actualWidth = (int)Math.Sqrt(NumberOfDiamonds) * Width 
                - ((int)Math.Sqrt(NumberOfDiamonds)-1) ;

            int actualHeight = (int)Math.Sqrt(NumberOfDiamonds) * Height 
                - ((int)Math.Sqrt(NumberOfDiamonds)-1);

            int midWidth = (actualWidth - (actualWidth % 2)) / 2;
            int midHeight = (actualHeight - (actualHeight % 2)) / 2;

            Char[][] arCharacters = new Char[actualWidth ][];
            for (int i = 0; i < actualWidth; i++)
                arCharacters[i] = new Char[actualHeight];

            for (int i = 0; i < actualWidth; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < actualHeight; j++)
                    arCharacters[i][j] = '.';
           
            DrawDiamond(midWidth, 0, (Width-1)/2, 
                (Height-1)/2, midWidth, midHeight, 
                actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                ref arCharacters);

            for (int i = 0; i < actualHeight ; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < actualWidth; j++)
                    Console.Write(arCharacters[j][i]);
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
        }

        public static void DrawDiamond(int x, int y, int Width, 
            int Height, int midWidth, int midHeight, 
            int actualWidth, int actualHeight, 
            ref Char[][] arCharacters)
        {             
            if (x < 0 || x >= actualWidth)
                return;
            
            if (y >= actualHeight)
                return;

            arCharacters[x][y] = '*';

            if (x < midWidth && y < midHeight)
            {
                DrawDiamond(x - Width, y + Height, Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
            }
            else if (x > midWidth && y < midHeight)
            {
                DrawDiamond(x + Width, y + Height, Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
            }
            else if (x < midWidth && y > midHeight)
            {
                DrawDiamond(x + Width, y + Height, Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
            }
            else if (x > midWidth && y > midHeight)
            {
                DrawDiamond(x - Width, y + Height, Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
            }
            else if (x == midWidth)
            {
                DrawDiamond(x - Width, y + Height, Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
                DrawDiamond(x + Width, y + Height, Width,
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
                DrawDiamond(x, y + (Height*2), Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
            }
            else if (x < midWidth && y == midHeight)
            {
                DrawDiamond(x + Width, y + Height, Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
            }
            else if (x > midWidth && y == midHeight)
                DrawDiamond(x - Width, y + Height, Width, 
                    Height, midWidth, midHeight, 
                    actualWidth, actualHeight, 
                    ref arCharacters);
            return;
        }
    }
}